pubmedvcu

• The Typology of Alcohol Use Disorder: Latent Class Analyses of a Population-Based Swedish Sample September 22, 2022
  CONCLUSIONS: Meaningful and reproducible subtypes of AUD, consistent with prior typological results, can be obtained from national registry-based samples. Using a range of external validators and patterns of familial aggregation, our results suggest that our three-class solution captured a meaningful proportion of the clinical heterogeneity of AUD.
  Kenneth S Kendler
• Risk for Mood, Anxiety, and Psychotic Disorders in Individuals at High and Low Genetic Liability for Bipolar Disorder and Major Depression September 21, 2022
  CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, hypotheses that BD and MD are either genetically distinct or genetically closely interrelated were not supported. Both BD and MD were associated with a genetic vulnerability to mood disorders, but even that liability was partially selective. However, compared with individuals at high liability to MD, those at elevated genetic […]
  Kenneth S Kendler
• Wilhelm Mayer's follow-up study of Kraepelin's cases of paraphrenia: diagnostic validity in 1921 September 18, 2022
  As part of his lifelong effort to develop optimal nosologic categories for the non-affective delusional syndromes, in the 1913 8th edition of his textbook, Kraepelin proposed a new diagnosis of paraphrenia presenting with extensive bizarre delusions and auditory hallucinations but no prominent negative symptoms or personality deterioration. He tentatively suggested it was distinct from dementia […]
  Kenneth S Kendler
• Penetrance and Pleiotropy of Polygenic Risk Scores for Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression Among Adults in the US Veterans Affairs Health Care System September 14, 2022
  CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Using diagnoses confirmed by in-person structured clinical interviews and current neuropsychiatric PRSs, the validity of an electronic health records-based phenotyping approach in US veterans was demonstrated, highlighting the potential of PRSs for disentangling biological and mediated pleiotropy.
  Tim B Bigdeli
• Edward Spitzka's 1883 Textbook: The Psychiatric Nosology That Kraepelin Inherited and Transformed September 12, 2022
  Edward Spitzka, a prominent New York-based alienist, who spent 3 years in Germany studying psychiatry, published a textbook in 1883-the same year as the first edition of Kraepelin's textbook-that contained detailed descriptions of all the seven psychiatric syndromes that formed the basis of Kraepelin's nosologic synthesis: mania, melancholia, katatonia, secondary deteriorations, hebephrenia, circular insanity, and […]
  Kenneth S Kendler
• Sex differences in sleep quality and psychological distress: Insights from a middle-aged twin sample from Spain September 2, 2022
  There is a moderate association between poor sleep and psychological distress. There are marked sex differences in the prevalence of both variables, with females outnumbering males. However, the origin of these sex differences remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to: (1) study genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between poor sleep quality […]
  Juan J Madrid-Valero
• An Extended Swedish Adoption Study of Anxiety Disorder and Its Cross-Generational Familial Relationship With Major Depression September 1, 2022
  CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: For AD and its major subforms, cross-generational transmission includes both genetic and rearing effects. In traditional analyses, AD and MD demonstrate highly correlated genetic and rearing effects. The genetic correlation weakened when applying a diagnostic hierarchy.
  Kenneth S Kendler
• COVID-19-Induced Inequalities and Mental Health: Testing the Moderating Roles of Self-rated Health and Race/Ethnicity August 26, 2022
  This study examines the relationship among COVID-19-induced social, economic, and educational inequalities on mental health (i.e., anxiety and depression). This study also examines if levels of self-rated health (SRH) moderate the relationship (i.e., COVID-induced inequalities [CII] and mental health), as well as examines the racial/ethnic group differences among 567 young adults in the mid-Atlantic region. […]
  Kaprea F Johnson
• Network modeling of major depressive disorder symptoms in adult women August 25, 2022
  CONCLUSIONS: We discuss how the findings of our study might help future research to detect clinically relevant symptoms and possible directional relationships between MDD symptoms defining major depression episodes, which would help identify potential tailored interventions. This is the first study to investigate the network structure of VATSPSUD data using both undirected and directed network […]
  Sheida Moradi
• Long Non-Coding RNAs: The New Frontier into Understanding the Etiology of Alcohol Use Disorder August 25, 2022
  Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex, chronic, debilitating condition impacting millions worldwide. Genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors are known to contribute to the development of AUD. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of regulatory RNAs, commonly referred to as the "dark matter" of the genome, with little to no protein-coding potential. LncRNAs have […]
  Allie N Denham
• Cross-generational transmission of genetic risk for alcohol and drug use disorders: the impact of substance availability on the specificity of genetic risk August 22, 2022
  CONCLUSIONS: Raised when alcohol was the preferred substance of abuse and illicit drugs highly stigmatized, AUD in parents reflected a general liability to substance use disorders, as they transmitted similar genetic risk for AUD and DUD to their children raised when both substances were widely available and relatively acceptable. DUD in parents, by contrast, reflected […]
  Kenneth S Kendler
• Developmental genetic effects on externalizing behavior and alcohol use: Examination across two longitudinal samples August 19, 2022
  Externalizing behavior in early adolescence is associated with alcohol use in adolescence and early adulthood and these behaviors often emerge as part of a developmental sequence. This pattern can be the result of heterotypic continuity, in which different behaviors emerge over time based on an underlying shared etiology. In particular, there is largely a shared […]
  Kit K Elam
• Geotemporal analysis of perinatal care changes and maternal mental health: an example from the COVID-19 pandemic August 13, 2022
  Our primary objective was to document COVID-19 induced changes to perinatal care across the USA and examine the implication of these changes for maternal mental health. We performed an observational cross-sectional study with convenience sampling using direct patient reports from 1918 postpartum and 3868 pregnant individuals collected between April 2020 and December 2020 from 10 […]
  Cassandra L Hendrix
• Determining the stability of genome-wide factors in BMI between ages 40 to 69 years August 11, 2022
  Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified common variants associated with BMI. However, the stability of aggregate genetic variation influencing BMI from midlife and beyond is unknown. By analysing 165,717 men and 193,073 women from the UKBiobank, we performed BMI GWAS on six independent five-year age intervals between 40 and 72 years. We then applied […]
  Nathan A Gillespie
• Concerns about the use of polygenic embryo screening for psychiatric and cognitive traits August 5, 2022
  Private companies have begun offering services to allow parents undergoing in-vitro fertilisation to screen embryos for genetic risk of complex diseases, including psychiatric disorders. This procedure, called polygenic embryo screening, raises several difficult scientific and ethical issues, as discussed in this Personal View. Polygenic embryo screening depends on the statistical properties of polygenic risk scores, […]
  Todd Lencz
• Stressful life events increase the risk of major depressive episodes: A population-based twin study August 3, 2022
  CONCLUSIONS: The results support previous research in implicating SLEs as important risk factors with probable causal influence on depression risk.
  Ludvig D Bjørndal
• Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts July 31, 2022
  We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models. Within […]
  Karri Silventoinen
• Ludvig Dahl's psychiatric genetic studies in his 1859 monograph: "Contribution to the knowledge of insanity in Norway" July 25, 2022
  In 1859, Ludvig Dahl, a Norwegian alienist, wrote a rarely referenced book entitled "Contribution to The Knowledge of Insanity." In it, he describes a highly innovative psychiatric genetics research project with severable notable features. First, while the vast majority of 19th century psychiatric genetic studies were based on asylum hospital records, Dahl did field work […]
  Kenneth S Kendler
• Evaluating the role of common risk variation in the recurrence risk of schizophrenia in multiplex schizophrenia families July 21, 2022
  Multiplex families have higher recurrence risk of schizophrenia compared to the families of sporadic cases, but the source of this increased recurrence risk is unknown. We used schizophrenia genome-wide association study data (N = 156,509) to construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) in 1005 individuals from 257 multiplex schizophrenia families, 2114 ancestry-matched sporadic cases, and 2205 […]
  Mohammad Ahangari
• Multivariate GWAS of psychiatric disorders and their cardinal symptoms reveal two dimensions of cross-cutting genetic liabilities July 11, 2022
  Understanding which biological pathways are specific versus general across diagnostic categories and levels of symptom severity is critical to improving nosology and treatment of psychopathology. Here, we combine transdiagnostic and dimensional approaches to genetic discovery for the first time, conducting a novel multivariate genome-wide association study of eight psychiatric symptoms and disorders broadly related to […]
  Travis T Mallard